Climate & Weather
How Elevation Affects Weather: A Complete Guide
Discover the fascinating relationship between elevation and weather patterns.
Elevation of San Francisco, California
16 meters elevation
Sea Level (0m)Mount Everest (8,848m)
-0.1°C
Temperature Drop
101.1kPa
Air Pressure
99.8%
Oxygen Level
Quick Facts
Elevation16 meters
Everest Comparison0.2% of Everest
Altitude Risk✅ Low RiskBelow altitude sickness threshold
RegionCalifornia
Highest PointMount Davidson (282 meters)
Notable Landmarks
Twin Peaks Summit
276 meterselevation
Mount Sutro
275 meterselevation
Nob Hill
115 meterselevation
Russian Hill
94 meterselevation
Telegraph Hill
85 meterselevation
Geographic Features
San Francisco occupies a peninsula between the Pacific Ocean and San Francisco Bay, with elevations ranging from sea level to 282 meters. The city's topography reveals a series of hills formed by ancient sand dunes and exposed bedrock of the Franciscan Complex. The geology includes remarkable outcrops of serpentinite, chert, and pillow basalts, while the famous hills showcase the complex interplay between tectonic forces and coastal processes. The eastern waterfront includes extensive areas of artificial fill, while the western shoreline features dramatic cliffs carved by Pacific waves. Natural springs and streams, now largely culverted, historically flowed through the valleys between hills.
Climate Impact
At varying elevations from sea level to 282 meters, San Francisco experiences a unique microclimate influenced by marine air and topography. The elevation variations create distinct climate zones within the city, with summer highs rarely exceeding 26°C and winter lows seldom dropping below 6°C. Annual rainfall averages 58cm, concentrated in winter months. The hills influence fog patterns, particularly the famous summer fog that rolls in through the Golden Gate. The atmospheric pressure ranges from sea level to 97% of sea level at the highest points. The growing season extends year-round at lower elevations, though fog and wind create challenging microclimates for vegetation.
Historical Context
San Francisco's relationship with elevation shaped its development from a Spanish settlement into a major metropolis. The city's hills influenced everything from street layout to architectural innovation, spawning distinctive features like cable cars to handle steep grades. The 1906 earthquake and fire revealed how topography influenced disaster response, with the hills creating natural firebreaks. The development of neighborhoods like Nob Hill and Russian Hill showcased innovative solutions for building on steep terrain, while the creation of Twin Peaks Boulevard in the 1920s opened up views previously accessible only on foot. Modern San Francisco continues to adapt to its varied elevations through sophisticated seismic design requirements and innovative solutions for accessibility on steep streets.
Cities with Similar Elevation
FAQs: San Francisco's Elevation
What is the elevation of San Francisco?
San Francisco has an elevation of 16 meters, which influences its climate and environment.
How does San Francisco's elevation affect its weather?
The elevation of San Francisco (16 meters) significantly impacts its local climate, affecting temperature ranges, precipitation patterns, and atmospheric pressure.
What are the highest points near San Francisco?
The highest point in San Francisco is Mount Davidson (282 meters), providing unique perspectives of the surrounding landscape.
